http://www.ansijournals.com Biotechnology RSS Feed 1682-2978 >Biotechnology 1682-296X http://198.170.104.138/org_img/logo-1-3.gif http://www.ansijournals.com http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4518 M.M. Islam, M.M. Rahman, D. Biswas, M.M. Rahman and M.A. Haque 2002-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 9 2002 1 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4519 Aspergillus niger GCBMX-45. For this purpose, parental strains of Aspergillus niger was UV- irradiated for different time intervals (5-60 minutes). It was found that the strain treated for 45minutes gave the maximum yield of xylanase when different parameters were employed. Among different substrates and carbon sources, wheat bran (10g) and sucrose, respectively gave maximum production. Distilled water as a diluent and incubation period of 72 hours at 30^oC were optimized for improved production under solid substrate fermentation conditions. ]]> Waseem Ahmad Butt, Ikram-ul-Haq and Javed Iqbal 2002-01-01 Aspergillus niger GCBMX-45 ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 14 2002 10 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4520 Rhizopus oligosporous T^UV-31 was used for the production of extracellular lipase by solid-state fermentation. Maximum lipase activity (76.69 /g) was observed when different nutrients were added to the substrate. Among different carbon sources Tween 80 at 0.5% was found to be the best carbon source. The best organic and inorganic nitrogen sources for lipolytic activity were soybean meal (1%) and ammonium sulphate (0.4%) respectively. Addition of egg yolk to fermentation medium enhanced the lipase production. ]]> Tehreema Iftikhar and Athar Hussain 2002-01-01 Rhizopus oligosporous T^UV-31 ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 20 2002 15 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4521 Propionibacterium acnes was grown semi-anaerobically on Eagle\'s medium for 16 days at pH 6.7. Porphyrins were produced and accumulated in culture-grown P. acnes. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify the amount of porphyrins produced in culture during the growth of the cells. Free base protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) as well as both free base coproporphyrin III (CPIII) and metallocoproporphyrin III (MCPIII) were identified in the culture. The CPIII was the dominant porphyrin species present in the early cultured-cells, however, the production and accumulation of PPIX was found to increase linearly with the age of the culture, which could be used in estimating the age of the culture of P. acnes. This investigation might help to understand efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of P. acnes. ]]> M. Idrish Miah 2002-01-01 Propionibacterium acnes ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 27 2002 21 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4522 Aamira Iqbal, Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Sofia Nosheen, Amer Jamil and Muhammad Ashraf Malik 2002-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 33 2002 28 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4523 Aspergillus niger was subjected to UV irradiations for 5-30 minutes. One hundred and ten mutants of Aspergillus niger were isolated by observing the hydrolysis of starch in the petri plates. Of all the mutants tested, the mutant strain of Aspergillus niger GCBU-25, isolated after 25 minutes of UV irradiation gave the maximum production of AMG (136.1 IU/ml/min), which gave two fold increase in the production of the enzyme than the parental strain. The production of amyloglucosidase reached its maximum (183 IU/ml/min) when starch at 1% level and (NH_{4)2SO4 at 0.2% level of nitrogen was used as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. ]]>} Ikram-ul-Haq, Shahida Javed and Hamad Ashraf 2002-01-01 Aspergillus niger ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 39 2002 34 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4524 Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCB-K5. Nutritional studies were carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks by submerged fermentation. The culture medium (pH 6.0) was incubated for 48 hours at 30^oC. The optimum levels of peptone and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were found to be 4.0 and 0.2 g/l, respectively. Maximum invertase activity was found to be 12.68 U/ml. The amount of sugar consumed and dry cell mass were 21.08 and 5.88g/l, respectively. ]]> Kiran Shafiq, Sikander Ali and Ikram-ul-Haq 2002-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 44 2002 40 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4525 Salvia verbenaca L. (Labiatae) afforded an essential oil on steam distillation was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using direct injection. Out of fifty-two peaks (representing 99.2% of the oil), forty-one components were identified representing 96.3% of the total oil composition. The major components were sabinene (16.0%), d-cadinene (7.9%), -pinene (7.3%), 4-terpeniol (7.4%) and limonene (6.7%). The oil was also screened for its anti-microbial activity, which exhibited a significant anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, and a marked anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans. ]]> Tawfeq A. Al-Howiriny 2002-01-01 Salvia verbenaca ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 48 2002 45 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4526 Triticum aestivum L. cvs., Chakwal 86, Rawal 87). The percentage of callus induction in Rawal 87 was 49.58 -75.62% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and 58.31-91.58% on N6 medium. For Chakwal-86, callus induction frequency ranged from 52.08- 81.04% on MS medium and 53.12- 81.02% on N6 medium supplemented with 2mg/l 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) singly, and with three concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1mg/L) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). BAP proved to play no role in callus induction. Sorbitol promoted callus proliferation, on N6 medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2,4-D. For plant regeneration from calli, MS medium with 0.1mg/L IAA and four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5mg/L) of BAP were tested. Regeneration frequency was greater (31.9%) in Rawal 87 on the medium containing 0.5mg/L BAP whereas 2.5mg/L of BAP were found suitable for regeneration in Chakwal 86 (15.27%). ]]> Hamid Rashid, Rizwana Abdul Ghani and Zubeda Chaudhry 2002-01-01 Triticum estivum) ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 54 2002 49 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=97&articleno=4527 Psammogeton canescens obtained by hydrodistillation was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against gram positive (Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Micrococcus leuteus, Staphyllococcus albus, S.aureus, Vibrio cholera) and gram negetive bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella typhae, Shigella ferrarie). The oil was found active against all the bacterial strains. However the activity of oil varies with its concentration and kind of bacteria. The oil showed activity even at 50g concentration. The antibacterial activity was comparable with amoxil, streptomycin and kanamycin. The oil had bactericidal activity against all the bacteria under investigation except Shigella ferrarie, Micrococcus leuteus and Vibrio cholera. The MIC value of oil varies from 75.5-160 and 75.5-135 mg per mL against gram positive and gram negetive bacteria, respectively. ]]> Mujeeb ur Rahman and Shereen Gul 2002-01-01 Psammogeton canescens N.O. Umbelliferae ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 1 60 2002 55 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4528 Aspergillus niger-34 gave maximum production of alpha amylase. These strains were tested for the screening of culture media and M1 containing yeast extract, peptone, soluble starch ammonium sulphate, CaCl₂, MgSO₄, FeSO₄ in 100 ml of phosphate buffer gave maximum 2 4 4 production of alpha amylase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, Aspergillus niger-34 gave insignificant result. Thus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae -20 was selected for the production of alpha amylase. The production of alpha amylase was reached optimum 72 h after inoculation at pH 5.5. ]]> Ikram-ul-Haq, Roheena Abdullah, Hamad Ashraf and Athar Hussain Shah 2002-07-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 66 2002 61 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4529 Saccharum officinarum) cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5-2.0 mg l^-1), Kn (0.1-0.5 mg l^-1) and IBA (0.1-0.5 mg l^-1). Roots were induced in in vitro regenerated shoots on half MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l^-1 NAA, IBA and IAA. Plant regeneration from shoot tip was the highest on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.0 mg l^-1 and IBA 0.5 mg l^-1. The reported experimental findings present a method of plant regeneration of sugar-cane variety Isd 28 through shoot tip culture. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and the percentage of survivability under ex vitro condition was 70. ]]> R. Baksha, R. Alam, M.Z. Karim, S.K. Paul, M.A. Hossain, M.A.S. Miah and A.B.M.M. Rahman 2002-07-01 Saccharum officinarum) Variety Isd 28 ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 72 2002 67 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4530 Solanum tuberosm L.) commercial variety cardinal was studied at Potato Research Center, Abbottabad, NWFP, Pakistan. Five NaCl treatments, each consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% were used. Viability percentage, fresh weight of plantlet and height of plantlet was decreased by given range levels of NaCl. The effect of all treatments was very drastic on length of roots and number of roots per plantlet where no response was recorded. The treatment of 4% NaCl depressed all the parameters understudy. The results indicate that the variety "Cardinal" is not salt tolerant, even at 1% salt concentration. ]]> Farhatullah, Rashid Mahmood and Raziuddin 2002-07-01 In vitro Effect of Salt on the Vigor of Potato (Solanum tuberosm L.) Plantlets ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 77 2002 73 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4531 Brassica genomes and genome relationship among various species of the genus appeared in the second quarter of the 20th century AD. In the second quarter genome relationship was elaborated through secondary associations, pachytene and somatic karyotypes. Genome analysis and preferential pairing were extensively utilized for characterizing Brassica genomes in the third quarter. In last quarter of the century molecular characterization supplemented the conventional analytical tools for understanding the infrastructure of Brassica genomes. Whether it is the breeding system analysis, chromosome morphology, meiotic associations or molecular characterization proves that Brassica is monophyletic origin and it descended from an unknown six chromosomal prototype. Scientific developments made in Brassica genetics, from genome analysis to genomics during the 20th century AD are generalized in this paper. ]]> Habib Ahmad, Shahida Hasnain and Afzal Khan 2002-07-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 87 2002 78 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4532 -1 day^-1 for 14 consecutive days, when compared with the control group. ]]> M. Zakir Sultan, Z. Sultana Sathi, M. Shah Alam Bhuiyan, M. Akteruzzaman Choudury, M. Helal Uddin Biswas, M.A. Gafur and M. Aziz Abdur Rahman 2002-07-01 Streptomyces Species ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 93 2002 88 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4533 Streptomyces species was carried out in Long Evan\'s rats. The compound was administered at a dose of 300 g/rat/day for 14 consecutive days. The gross general observations such as changes of body weight, hematological profiles, biochemical parameters of blood and the histopathology of the liver, kidney, heart and lungs were investigated both in control and experimental rats. The body weights of the rats were slightly increased. The change of hematological and biochemical parameters were statistically nonsignificant. No abnormalities were detected in the histopathology of the liver, kidneys, heart and lungs in the experimental group of rats as compared with control group of rats. ]]> Ranjan Kumar Barman, Zakia Sultana Sathi, M. Anwar Habib, M. Aktar Uzzaman Chowdhury, M. Helal Uddin Biswas, M.A. Gafur and M. Aziz Abdur Rahman 2002-07-01 Streptomyces species on Long Evan`s Rats ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 99 2002 94 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4534 -1. ]]> M. Zakir Sultan, Naznin Ara Khatune, Zakia Sultana Sathi, Md. Shah Alam Bhuiyan, M. Golam Sadik, M. Akteruzzaman Choudury, M. A. Gafur and Md. Aziz Abdur Rahman 2002-07-01 In vitro Antibacterial Activity of an Active Metabolite Isolated from Streptomyces Species ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 107 2002 100 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4535 Aspergillus niger ANABt was studied in a 15 L stirred fermentor. Ferrocyanide treated (200 ppm) cane molasses medium containing sugar 150 g l<sup>-1</sup>, was used as the basal fermentation medium. The citric acid yield ranged from 48.58-65.96 g l<sup>-1</sup>. Maximum amount of anhydrous citric acid obtained during the course of study was 65.96 g l<sup>-1</sup> at 30C. The sugar consumption was 98 g l<sup>-1</sup> while mycelial dry weight was 14.55 g l<sup>-1</sup>. Mycelia were intermediate round pellets. ]]> Asad-ur-Rehman, Sikander Ali and Ikram-ul-Haq 2002-07-01 Aspergillus niger ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 110 2002 108 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4536 M.K. Alam, M.H. Rashid, M.S. Hossain, M.A. Salam and M.A. Rouf 2002-07-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 115 2002 111 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=98&articleno=4537 -1; serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, 9.830.235 vs 9.330.234 IU L<sup>-1</sup>; bilirubin, 0.360.104 vs 0.340.016 g dL<sup>-1</sup>; creatinine, 0.67 0.089 vs 0.610.009 mg dL<sup>-1</sup>; urea, 18.830.235 vs 18.50.408 mg dL<sup>-1</sup>; for experimental and control rats). Therefore, the changes in body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were statistically non-significant. No detectable abnormalities were found in histopathology of heart, kidney, liver and lung in experimental group of rats as compared with that of the control group of rats. ]]> Bytul M. Rahman, M.S.A. Bhuiyan, M. Golam Sadik and A.S.M. Anisuzzman 2002-07-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 1 120 2002 116 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4538 Aspergillus niger as fermentation organism and rice polishing as substrate. Maximum production of enzyme (3.42 U mL 1) was recovered at substrate level of 2% after 36 h of submerged fermentation. The pH for the optimal production of enzyme was found to be 4. Addition of salts such as urea (0.3%), CaCO<sub>3</sub> (0.04%) and KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (0.6%) into the fermentation medium enhanced enzyme production while MgSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O was found to inhabit microbial growth and glucose oxidase production by A. niger. ]]> Hafiz M. Hamid, Khalil-ur-Rehman, M. Anjum Zia and M. Asgher 2003-01-01 Aspergillus niger ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 7 2003 1 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4539 A.A. Noor, A. Hameed, Kouser Parveen Bhatti and Sarfraz A. Tunio 2003-01-01 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains ASN-3 and HA-4 ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 17 2003 8 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4540 -1) was given by MB-7 and MB-12 in M-I medium after 72 h of fermentation. Some strains of both the sources also produced glutamic acid. Valine (maximum 1.4 g L<sup>-1</sup> by MC-10) was produced in M-I medium by some bacterial strains isolated from cow\'s milk only. In L-6 medium, lysine (maximum 1.8 g L<sup>-1</sup> by MB-6 and MC-13) was produced by all the isolates of both sources. The other amino acid which was produced in L-6 medium by majority of strains was isoleucine (maximum 2.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> by MB-6). MB-5 isolated from buffalo milk was found as the best strain in L-6 medium and its produced glutamic acid, lysine and alanine as 4.5, 1.3 and 5.1 g L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. It was observed that bacterial strains isolated from buffalo milk were more productive than the strains obtained from cow milk. The strains MB-1, MB-5, MB-13 and MB-14 obtained from buffalo milk and MC-1, MC-7 and MC-13 from cow milk were selected as good amino acids producers strains. Thus aspartic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and isoleucine were the major amino acids produced from the bacterial strains of both the milk sources. ]]> Babar Hassan, M. Asghar, S. Nadeem, H. Zubair, H.M. Muzammil and M. Shahid 2003-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 29 2003 18 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4541 Rhizopus oligosporus IHS<sup>13</sup> strain was found to be the best producer of acidic proteases. The agricultural by-products namely sunflower meal, wheat bran, soybean meal, lupin cake and cotton seed meal were evaluated as inducers for the production of enzyme. The enzyme synthesis was maximum when sunflower meal was used as substrate. The production of proteases by Rhizopus oligosporus HIS<sub>13 strain was studied by varying the size of inoculum and type of diluent. The optimum inoculum size and diluent were 10% and distilled water, respectively. The effect of different buffers on the extraction of enzyme was also studied and distilled water was found to be the best extractor. The maximum enzyme production, obtained during the course of study was 4.8 U ml<sup>-1. ]]></sup></sub> Ikram-ul-Haq, Hamid Mukhtar, Sunila Daudi, Sikander Ali and M. A. Qadeer 2003-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 36 2003 30 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4542 3 dissolved in 0.2% ethanol inhibited the adventitious root formation in mungbean cuttings. Conversely, when it is dissolved in water, GA<sub>3</sub> promoted the adventitious rooting response at 10<sup>-7</sup> and 10<sup>-8</sup> M concentrations. Ethanol suppressed the promoting effects of GA<sub>3</sub>. Generally, it has been observed that low concentration of GA<sub>3</sub>, favour rooting and high concentration inhibit it. Furthermore no evidence of synergism between supplied GA<sub>3</sub> and IAA was observed. Kinetin, at low concentration and in the presence of IAA promoted rooting response. ABA at 10<sup>-5</sup> M and in the presence of IAA promoted adventitious root formation. The stimulatory effects of ABA was more pronounced at 5x10<sup>-4</sup> concentration of ABA. ]]> Shamsa Yasmin, Basir Ahmed and Rashida Soomro 2003-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 43 2003 37 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4543 Corchorus capsularis L. Multiple shoots were produced at the cut end of the petioles of each cotyledon of C. capsularis varieties on MS agar solidified medium supplemented by IAA and BAP. The results indicated that percentage of shoot regeneration from the cotyledon explants were found dependent on the genotypes used. Variation was observed among the varieties in number of cotyledons produced shoots and in number of shoots produced by each cotyledon. The highest number of shoots produced by each cotyledon and the highest number of cotyledons responded for shoot regeneration was recorded from Tri-cap-2. However, jute varieties have shown differences in in vitro responses and the differences were statistically significant. The results showed that the regenerated plants from all varieties were rooted in vitro and successfully transferred in pots containing soil. The plants grew well into maturity and produced seeds. ]]> Zabun Naher, Asma Khatun, Sherin Mahbub, Md. Abdul Alim and Abu Bakar Siddique 2003-01-01 Corchorus capsularis L. ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 51 2003 44 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=99&articleno=4544 S. Farooq and F. Azam 2003-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 2 72 2003 52 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4545 Pseudomonas putida. It grew and degraded 500 ppm of 2,4-D optimally at pH 6.5 and 30C. ]]> Amjad B. Khalil 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 85 2003 73 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4546 Hibiscus cannabinus L. var. HC-2) on MS medium supplemented by different levels of IAA or NAA and BAP. The effects of non-ionic surfactant, Pluronic F-68 have been studied on shoot regeneration of kenaf cotyledons with attached petioles in vitro. The effect was most marked in 0.1% and 0.5% level of Pluronic F-68 in addition to usual plant regeneration medium. These results were found significantly much higher than the control. The difference between control and Surfactant-treated cotyledons was marked. Plants regenerated from the Pluronic-treated cotyledons were found morphologically normal. Pluronic F-68 has been proved to be a growth stimulating agent for increasing the shoot regeneration efficiency of kenaf explants and this system can used for other crop plants. ]]> Khatun A., Zabun Naher, Shirin Mahboob, Chandan Kumar Saha and Shana Bilkis 2003-05-01 Hibiscus cannabinus L.)]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 93 2003 86 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4547 Faiza A. Fattouh, Samy A. EL Aassar, Aida E.M. Farag and Sahar W. Hassan 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 100 2003 94 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4548 1, So<sub>1</sub> and So<sub>2</sub>) were isolated from stagnant water from Rajshahi University campus. The strains were isolated on xylan agar media and screened by -xylanolysis method. This strains showed drug resistance to cotrimoxazole, ampicilline and amoxycilline when tested by disc diffusion method on nutrient agar or xylan agar plate respectively. This strains also showed sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline and doxycyclin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin, tetracycline and doxycyclin was determined by serial dilution technique against three test bacterial strains. The MIC values of the above three drugs against St<sub>1</sub> were 250, 125 and 250 g ml<sup>-1, against So<sub>1</sub> and So<sub>2</sub> were 125, 62.5 and 125 g ml-1 respectively. Plasmid DNA was isolated the multi-drug resistant strain St<sub>1</sub>. These drug resistant plasmids were transformed into sensitive E. coli LE 392. The transformed LE392 became resistant to cotrimoxazole, ampicilline and amoxycilline and the respective plasmid DNA was detected in the plasmid DNA isolated from transformed E. coli cells. The antibiotic resistant in Aeromonas was plasmid born. ]]></sup> Narayan Roy Md Belaluddin and M. Shahjahan 2003-05-01 Aeromonas ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 108 2003 101 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4549 -1, respectively which was increased by 3.52 and 2.55 U mg<sup>-1</sup> after partial purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation and desalting. The enzyme was then subjected to DEAE column for ion exchange chromatography and the resultant activity and specific activity gained by the enzyme was 3.17 and 2.50 U mg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. After gel filtration chromatography through sephadex G-150, the observed activity and specific activity was 2.894 and 3.36 U mg<sup>-1</sup> which indicates 9.97 fold purification. ]]> M. Anjum Zia, Khalil-ur-Rehman, Nadia Jamil and Farzana Alyas 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 114 2003 109 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4550 -1, agar 6 gm l<sup>-1</sup> and pH 5.5-6.0 proved more effective. The media having 30 gm l<sup>-1</sup> sucrose showed the highest percentage of explant responded to shoot proliferation and that was 100%. This sucrose concentration also showed the optimum result for number of usable shoots per culture, number of node shoot 1 and average length of shoots and the values were 5.40.6, 5.10.8 and 5.60.4 cm. The highest proliferation response of the explant was observed on MS medium having 6 gm l<sup>-1</sup> of agar and the frequency was 100%. Among different level of pH, the highest percentage of explant showing proliferation was observed on the media adjusted to pH 5.5 and 6.0. The results presented here proved to be suitable for the in vitro shoot multiplication of Chrysanthemum morifolium.]]> M.Z. Karim, M.N. Amin, M.A.K. Azad, F. Begum, M.M. Rahman, S. Ahmad and R. Alam 2003-05-01 In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Chrysanthemum morifolium as Affected by Sucrose, Agar and pH.]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 120 2003 115 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4551 Joaquin Brintrup, Weidong Du, Flavio Ortigao, Marianne Krause, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Elisabeth Kohne and Hubert Hug 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 130 2003 121 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4552 Alkanna orientalis plants grown in Saint Catherine area was better habitat for chitinolytic actinomycetes than other rhizospheres of tested plants grown in Suez Canal farm. Using RAPD analysis in an attempt to generate specific markers for chitinolylic actinomycete-isolates, we able to analyzed seven randomly polymorphic DNA primers against the most active chitinolytic actinomycete-isolates. Most of the primers used were useful in identifying unique DNA polymorphisms of all isolates tested. Thirty RAPD-PCR markers were found to be effective to be used as isolate-specific markers. Phylogenetic relationships between the isolates using previous technique (RAPD analysis) revealed that the isolates with higher similarity percent were belong to the same taxonomical group. Using standard techniques of actinomycete identification, morphological and physiological characterization, strengthened these results. ]]> Zaki A. El-Fiky, Samira R. Mansour, Yahia El-Zawhary and Samar Ismail 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 140 2003 131 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4553 S.A. Haroun and A.H. Ibrahim 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 153 2003 141 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4554 -1, Casein Hydrolysate 200 mg l<sup>-1</sup> and 2,4-D 1.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. Where as in MS medium the embryogenic calli formation was varied from 39.0-68.66%. In this case the highest amount (68.66) was obtained where MS was supplemented with L-Asparagine 150 mg l 1, Thiamin 50 mg l<sup>-1</sup> and 2,4-D 1 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. Plants were regenerated successfully from embryogenic callus in hormone free MS medium. The results showed that MS (52.83-61.0%) medium was found better than N6 (35.66-42.49%). The mode of somatic embryogenesis was studied using histological technique. ]]> A.M. Shohael, M.A.L. Akanda, S. Parvez, S. Mahfuja, M.F. Alam, R. Islam and N. Joarder 2003-05-01 Zea mays L.) ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 161 2003 154 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=100&articleno=4555 C.N. Fokunang and R.A. Rastall 2003-05-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 2 177 2003 162 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4556 Aspergillus niger, isolated from different soil samples were evaluated for citric acid production. Shake flask technique was employed for screening of the isolated. The best citric acid producing strain, GCB-14, was selected for further studies using a laboratory scale stirred fermentor. Cane-molasses medium and sucrose salt medium were tested for the basal fermentation medium. The results indicated that maximum amount of citric acid i.e. 55.43 gl<sup>-1</sup> was produced 144 h after incubation using cane-molasses medium. The maximum amount of sugar consumed and dry cell mass produced were 126 and 27.49 gl<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Therefore, cane-molasses was optimized as the basal fermentation medium for maximal citric acid production. ]]> Asad-ur-Rehman, Sikander Ali and Ikram-ul-Haq 2003-09-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 184 2003 178 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4557 Aspergillus niger isolates for the biosynthesis of xylanase. About 104 different strains of Aspergillus niger were isolated from soil collected from different areas of Lahore by serial dilution method on xylene agar malt extract medium. The strains with larger whitish zones of xylene hydrolysis were picked up and transferred to the PDA slants. The cultures were incubated at 30C for 3-5 days for maximal sporulation. The Aspergillus niger strains were screened for xylanase production by submerged fermentation. Xylanase activity was ranged from 30-225 U ml<sup>-1</sup> and dry cell mass from 6.48-26.56 g L<sup>-1</sup>. Maximum xylanase productivity was obtained by GCBT-35 (225 U ml<sup>-1</sup>). The mycelial dry weight was 9.54 g L<sup>-1</sup> while mycelia were small in size and rounded in shape. ]]> Ayesha Khan, Ikram-ul-Haq, Waseem Ahmad Butt and Sikander Ali 2003-09-01 Aspergillus niger Isolates for Xylanase Biosynthesis ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 190 2003 185 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4558 Solanum tuberosum L.) for production of virus-free plantlets. The parameters included were plantlet height, number of nodes/plantlet, number of leaves/plantlet, root length and number of roots/plantlet. Maximum plantlet height (9 cm) with NAA at 0.15 mg l<sup>-1</sup>, higher number of nodes/plantlet (9.714) with IBA at 0.35 mg l<sup>-1</sup> and maximum number of leaves/plantlet (6.143) with IAA at 0.25 mg l<sup>-1</sup> were recorded. ]]> Abdul Ghaffoor, Gul Bahar Shah and Kashif Waseem 2003-09-01 In vitro Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Various Growth Regulators ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 197 2003 191 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4559 Azospirillum (As-2, As-4, As-5, As-6 and As-8) were used both as monocultures and mixed cultures (twenty-six combinations for each plant) for the inoculation of Triticum aestivum (non leguminous) and Vigna radiata (leguminous) seeds. Inoculated as well as non inoculated seeds were germinated and grown under controlled temperature and light conditions for 10 days. Growth parameters revealed that in both plants, mono culture inoculations manifested the better growth as compared to non inoculated treatments. Mixed cultures inoculation 3j (three strain combination) and 4a (four strain combination) in T. aestivum and 4a (four strain combination) and 3i (three strain combination) in V. radiata exhibited synergistic responses as compared to control treatment. Stimulatory effects were more pronounced in non leguminous seedlings relative to leguminous one. ]]> Amina Munir, Iram Munir, Shazia Afrasyab and Shahida Hasnain 2003-09-01 Azospirillum Strains on Triticum aestivum and Vigna radiata ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 205 2003 198 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4560 C. olitorius has recently been optimized at Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI). One of the major constraints of getting plant regeneration from the explants of C. olitorius was the production of healthy seedlings in vitro. An efficient seed germination system and healthy seedling production have been established at BJRI. Seeds of different varieties (O4, O9897, OM1 and O72) of C. olitorius germinated on both agar supported hormone free MS medium and cotton supported hormone free liquid MS medium. The percentage of seeds germinated on cotton supported medium was found to be much higher than seeds germinated on agar supported medium. This system ensured maximum of an average of 98% seed germination. Whereas, in case of agar-supported medium an average of 46% seeds could be germinated with very slow growth. The seedlings grown on cotton supported medium were found to be much more healthily than seedlings grown on agar supported medium. Plant regeneration was obtained from the cotyledonary petioles of the varieties (O4, O9897, OM1 and O72) of C. olitorius on MS agar solidified medium supplemented by IAA 0.5 and BAP 3.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. The efficiency of plant regeneration from the cotton supported seedlings was found to be as good as the agar supported seedlings. The plantlets produced roots on hormone free MS medium readily. After transfer to soil the plants grew into maturity and produced fruits. No morphological changes were noticed. ]]> Asma Khatun, Chandan Kumar Saha, Zabun Naher, Shirin Mahbub, Abu Bakar Siddique and Shahana Bilkis 2003-09-01 Corchorus olitorius L.) ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 213 2003 206 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4561 Phalaenopsis (NP) medium was not effective for the growth of callus in Doritaenopsis orchid. Among the different combinations of BAP and NAA, 5.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup> BAP + 0.1 mg l<sup>-1</sup> NAA highly enhanced PLB formation from calli. For plantlet initiation from PLBs 0.5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> BAP was suitable and higher concentration was inhibitory. Similar effect to that of BAP was found for NAA (0.5 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and BAP + NAA (0.5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> + 0.5 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) in plantlet initiation. For in vitro growth of plantlets, 0.5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> of BAP was the best for leaf and shoot growth compared to that of for BAP and NAA. However, for root growth of plantlets 1.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup> BAP + 1.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup> NAA was the most suitable. ]]> Israt Chowdhury, Abu Reza Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, M. Obaidul Islam and S. Matsui 2003-09-01 Doritaenopsis Orchid ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 221 2003 214 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=101&articleno=4562 Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima were grown in batch culture at different nitrogen and NaCl concentrations, respectively. Both species were found to respond to nitrogen deficiency and high NaCl level by accumulation of large amounts of commercially important chemicals such as carotenoids and tocopherols. The higher carotenoids and a-tocopherol contents was obtained when Spirulina sp grown at low nitrogen level (51 ppm N), with values ranged from 19.82 to 24.1 mg g <sup>-1</sup> and from 533.2 to 978.5 g Kg<sup>-1</sup> (dry weight, d.w.), respectively. Whilst, these values in cells grown in free nitrogen medium were ranged from 30.15 to 31.13 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and from 960.4 to 1325.7 g Kg<sup>-1</sup> (d.w), respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution patter of total caroteniods extracted from S. platensis and S maxima culture contained a-carotene (49.6 to 319.5 g g<sup>-1</sup> lutein (0.06 to17.21 g g<sup>-1</sup>, astaxanthin (6.61 to 160.27 g g<sup>-1</sup>, zeaxanthin (1.25 to 18.55 g g<sup>-1</sup>) and cryptoxanthin (1.41 to 20.13 g g<sup>-1</sup>). S. maxima accumulated a large amount of cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin than that found in S. platensis. The effect of Spirulina species extracts containing various carotenoid compounds and tocopherols on the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EACC) were evaluated. All algae extracts at different concentration of 200 and 400 ppm significant reduced the cell viability ranged from 89.11 to 5.25%. These extracts did not induce any significant changes in DNA fragmentation of treated EACC compared with untreated cells. But lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione-S- transferase (GST) enzyme activities and glutathione level in treated EACC were significantly higher than that in untreated cells. These finding suggest that algae extracts may be reduce cell viability by other mechanism such as membrane lyases instead of apoptosis. Thus, Spirulina extract rich in carotenoids and tocopherols could be used as chemopreventive agents since they are relative non-toxic. ]]> Hanaa H. Abd El-Baky, Farouk K. El Baz and Gamal S. El-Baroty 2003-09-01 Spirulina Species as a Source of Carotenoids and a-Tocopherol and its Anticarcinoma Factors ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 3 2 240 2003 222 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4563 C.N. Fokunang, J.L. Beynon, K.A. Watson, N.H. Battey, J.M. Dunwell and E.A. Tembe-Fokunang 2004-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 20 2004 1 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4564 Katarzyna Chojnacka and Facundo-Joaquin Marquez-Rocha 2004-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 34 2004 21 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4565 1 chloramphenicol and Yeast Extract Glucose Chloramphenicol Agar (YGCA). Of the isolated strains, 11 with the ability to lactose fermentation were isolated (M1-M11). These strains were identified by morphological and physiological properties. From these 11 strains, six were identified as Kluyveromyces lactis, four as Kluyveromyces marxianus and one as Candida versatilis. In the next step, the amount of produced single cell protein, SCP, from whey; whey including nitrogen supplementation and whey with mixed yeast cultures in these strains was measured. Among these strains, M2 that was identified as K. lactis had the most SCP production from whey with 11.79 gl<sup>1</sup>. It was found that the ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source has a significant effect on biomass yield so that amount of produced biomass of the M11 strain (K. marxianus) increase from 11.54 gl<sup>1</sup> (from whey without nitrogen supplementation) to 15.75 gl<sup>1</sup> (in the presence of nitrogen source). The co-cultures of yeast strains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated. In the mixed yeast cultures of these yeast strains and S. cerevisiae, the M2 strain which was identified as K. lactis had the most biomass production, 22.38 gl<sup>1</sup>. ONPG assay of beta-galactosidase in yeast strains found that a strain of K. lactis (M2) has the highest enzyme activity (8103 Eu ml<sup>1</sup>). These strains can be used for removal of whey pollutant, SCP &amp; ethanol production and treatment of lactose in dairy food.]]> I. Nahvi and H. Moeini 2004-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 40 2004 35 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4566 Cajanus cajan, Garcinia kola and Xylopia aethiopica on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were evaluated. The agar gel diffusion and paper disk diffusion method were used to determine the inhibitory effects of both the leaves and seeds extract of the test plants on the test microorganisms. The plant extracts produced inhibition zones ranging from 3 to 22 mm against the test microorganisms. The ethanol extracts of the test plants were more effective in producing inhibition zones against the micro-organisms than water extracts. The extracts of Cajanus cajan produced wider zones of inhibition against Candida albicans than the other plants extracts.]]> G.O. Ezeifeka, M.U. Orji, T.I. Mbata and A.O. Patrick 2004-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 43 2004 41 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4567 Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) was used as a diagnostic tool to identify Salmonella enterica, Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Typhimurium in naturally contaminated meat and poultry products. Three sets of known S. enterica and serotypes S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium specific primers were applied to simultaneous identification of such pathogens in the most frequently used fresh and frozen meat (beef and lamb) and poultry (chicken) products (whole, cut, ground and processed) collected from eight locations within Irbid city (Jordan). Out of 93 samples, Only 21 (22.5%) samples contained serotype S. typhimurium alone. Nineteen samples (20%) showed the 312 bp specific band for serotype S. enteritidis specific band. A total of 28 (30%) samples showed only for S. enterica genus and 25 (26.8%) samples showed both serotypes S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium. In general, 46 (49.5%) samples contained serotype S. typhimurium, while 44 (47.3%) samples contained serotype S. enteritidis. Multiplex PCR amplification was shown to be an effective and rapid method for the simultaneous identification of such pathogens in food samples.]]> Hanan Issa Malkawi and Raad Gharaibeh 2004-01-01 Salmonella enterica Serotypes, Enteritidis and Typhimurium from Chicken and Meat Products by Multiplex PCR]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 48 2004 44 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4568 64. The mutant Ser<sub>85</sub>Ala aprE gene was over expressed in a protease deficient B. subtilis genetic background and its product purified to homogeneity. The Ser<sub>85</sub>Ala AprE protein exhibited a catalytic efficiency two fold higher than that of its wild type parent AprE due to a larger k<sub>cat</sub>. Other biochemical properties such as thermal stability, optimum pH and temperature remained unchanged with respect to those exhibited by the pure wild type subtilisin. These results support the idea that mutations on the conserved stretch bend 83-Gly-Val-Ser-85 which connects two elements of secondary structure in AprE cause alterations on the catalytic properties of AprE and other subtilisins.]]> Eliel R. Romero-Garca, Joel A. Esquivel-Naranjo, Norma Ramrez-Ramrez, Jess Garca-Soto and Mario Pedraza-Reyes 2004-01-01 85Ala Mutation Enhances the Catalytic Efficiency of Subtilisin E from Bacillus subtilis 168]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 55 2004 49 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4569 in vitro germinated seedlings of three pummelo varieties [Var.-1 (pulp is pink colour), Var.-2 (pulp is white colour) and Var.-3 (pulp is red colour)] were cultured on half-strength MS medium for axillary shoot proliferation. A large number of shoot buds were produced when such four weeks old culture were subcultured on half-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg l<sup>1</sup> BAP. Roots were induced when the isolated individual shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg l<sup>1</sup> each of NAA, IBA or IAA. Cent percent root were observed on half-strength MS medium having 0.1 mg l<sup>1</sup> NAA. These in vitro grown plantlets were then successfully transferred to outside natural condition through successive phases of acclimatization. About 93% of the regenerated plantlets survived under ex vitro condition.]]> F. Begum, M.N. Amin, S. Islam and M.A.K. Azad 2004-01-01 Citrus grandis [L.] Osb.)]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 62 2004 56 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4570 Trichoderma harzianum (E-58) was grown on Vogel`s medium containing glucose and xylan as carbon source. Glucose repressed the &#946;-glucosidase production while xylan produced the enzyme in substantial amounts. Total RNA was isolated from mycelia of Trichoderma harzianum grown in medium containing xylan as carbon source. RT-PCR was performed on the isolated RNA. cDNA strand was synthesized by using oligo (dT)₁₈ primer. Specific primers were used to amplify bgl gene from cDNA. The bgl gene was ligated at SmaI site of pUC18 and transformed into E. coli.]]> Nighat Aslam, Farooq Latif, Sibtain Ahmed and Amer Jamil 2004-01-01 Trichoderma harzianum]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 66 2004 63 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4571 Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011 as biocatalysts. Extracellular methanol accumulation has been found in the carbon dioxide incubations. The conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is energy-intensive and requires reducing equivalent to push the reaction along against energy laws. For long-term maintenance of methanol synthesis, methane was selected as a substrate for regeneration of reducing equivalent. By alternate reaction and regeneration, the results show that resting cell of M. trichosporium IMV 3011 can be used for many times to catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide, in which the origin of the reducing equivalent is methane. It is possible to theoretically deduce that the overall reaction for methanol synthesis can be completed by biocatalysis using greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane) as raw materials without adding hydrogen. This new route should be environmentally benign and a selective process operating at room temperature and normal pressure. Also, it is theoretically possible that the overall reaction can produce methanol without adding to the greenhouse effect.]]> Jia-Ying Xin, Jun-Ru Cui, Jian-zhong Niu, Shao-feng Hua, Chun-Gu Xia, Shu-Ben Li and Li-Min Zhu 2004-01-01 2 and CH₄ by Methanotrophic Bacteria ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 71 2004 67 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4572 in vitro. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is known as an ethylene inhibitor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of AgNO₃ on potato plantlets with measuring several characters. The results showed that MS basal medium supplemented with AgNO₃ resulted in an inhibitory effect on ethylene gas produced by potato plantlets. The response of the cultivars used showed genotypic dependence to different AgNO₃ concentrations. In general, the best results for all cultivars were obtained from 5 or 10 &#956;M AgNO₃. On the other hand, the higher AgNO₃ concentrations (25 and 50 &#956;M) can be also used for cultivar Nicola and Desiree that initially had branching and abnormal plantlet growth.]]> Hakan Turhan 2004-01-01 in vitro Shoot Development in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 74 2004 72 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4573 Earias vittella causing 100% larval mortality. While armyworm, Spodoptera exigua was tolerant, its mortality ranged between 13.3 to 53.3% on different varieties and genotypes. The results of field study revealed that the highest mean population (1.66 insect per leaf) of jassid was recorded on KMG-3 followed by 1.95 and 1.52 insects leaf on KMG-2 and KMG-1, respectively. Whitefly population ranged between 1.47 and 1.52 insects leaf on different varieties and genotypes. Whereas, thrips population remained fluctuating in different varieties and genotypes during the crop growth period. But genotypes like KMG-1, KMG-2 and KMG-3 which are crosses of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton varieties were found harboring more thrips population. The larval population of spotted bollworm, Earias spp. indicated no infestation and live larvae were found on MS-1 and MS-2 varieties of Bt cotton. Maximum infestation of spotted bollworm was recorded on NIAB-78 (0.97 larva per plant) followed by other varieties and genotypes.]]> G.H. Abro, T.S. Syed, G.M. Tunio and M.A. Khuhro 2004-01-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 81 2004 75 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4574 Pseudomonas were determined by SPC technique using 4.0 mg L¹ dissolved oxygen (DO) in sterile undiluted nutrient broth and sterile diluted (1:10) nutrient broth, whereas the degradation studies were determined using high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques, which were conducted using continuous cultivation technique with similar DO level as that of growth kinetic studies using biosimulator, with two different set of conditions (with-culture; using pure culture of Pseudomonas and without-culture; indigenous microorganisms). A critical comparison of data revealed that at each sampling hour the viable population density was greater in the presence of undiluted nutrient broth than in the presence of diluted nutrient broth. Similarly the mean of degradation studies revealed that malathion degradation was more pronounced in studies with inoculation (with-culture) as compared with indigenous bacteria (without-culture). The study demonstrated that inoculation of bacterial culture studied under laboratory conditions can be used in bioremediation of environmental pollution caused by pesticides.]]> Hashmi Imran, Khan Mohammed Altaf and Jong B. Guk Kim 2004-01-01 Pseudomonas Using Activated Sludge Treatment System (Biosimulator)]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 89 2004 82 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4575 Streptomyces plicatus (strain101) against four Iranian phytopathogenic isolates of Verticillium dahliae. In the recent decades, biological control of plant diseases has received more attention mainly as a response to public concern about the use of hazardous chemicals in the environment. Soil Actinomycetes particularly Streptomyces spp. enhance soil fertility and have antagonistic activity against wide range of soil-borne plant pathogens. In search for metabolites of soil Actinomycetes having antifungal activity against four isolates of the cosmopolitan pathogen, Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, 110 isolates were screened. Among all, strain101 that was identified as a new strain of S. plicatus, showed high level of activity in Agar disk and Well-diffusion methods. S. plicatus was propagated in submerged cultures and active crude was prepared upon which some biological characterizations performed. The active metabolite (s) is polar, soluble in H₂O and methanol but insoluble in chloroform, dichloromethane or hexane. Antifungal activity composed of two types, mycelial inhibition, inhibition of microsclerotia and melanin production. Antifungal gene from S. plicatus Strain 101 may be a useful candidate for genetic engineering of agriculturally important crop plants for increased tolerance against V. dahliae.]]> Aghighi, S., G.H. Shahidi Bonjar and I. Saadoun 2004-01-01 Streptomyces plicatus (Strain101) Against Four Iranian Phytopathogenic Isolates of Verticillium dahliae, A New Horizon in Biocontrol Agents]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 97 2004 90 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4576 3 basal nutrient medium. Germination percentages of embryos were recorded 93, 96, 89 and 40% in BARI Narikel 1, BARI Narikel 2, Srilankan Tall and Malaysian Dwarf respectively. Germination percentage was different due to the difference of physiological state of the embryos and/or difference in the genetic make up of the genotypes. Most of the embryos developed root and shoots simultaneously and survival rate was more then 60%. Significant difference in plant height, number of secondary roots, length of roots and transferable plantlet were found among the coconut genotypes.]]> M.M.H. Molla, M.S.A. Bhuiyan, M. Dilafroza Khanam and Pons Batugal 2004-01-01 In vitro Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Embryo Culture in Bangladesh]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 101 2004 98 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=102&articleno=4577 Dunaliella salina were studied. The contents of total lipids, unsaponifiables and fatty acid composition were basically depend on NaCl and nitrogen concentration in the culture. The highest yield of total lipids (37.69%) and unsaponifiables (29.02%) was obtained in cells grown at 16% NaCl combined with 2.5 mM nitrogen. While, minimum yield occurred in cells grown in a culture containing 8% NaCl and 5 mM N. Cells grown at 16% NaCl combined with 2.5 mM N produced relatively higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular C18:3w3 and C16:4w3. Increasing NaCl combined with decreasing N levels in the growth medium increased the total unsaturated fatty acids (TU) at the expense of total saturated fatty acids. At higher salinity, the total amounts of carotenoids and &#945;-tocopherol in unsaponifiable fraction were significantly increased to reaching up to 12.03 and 4.10%. The results obtained suggest that D. salina cells containing high amount of total lipid, rich in w₃ polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant compounds in unsaponifiable lipid fraction may used as a supplemental ingredient or as a complete food to enhance the performance and state of the human body or improve a specific bodily function. ]]> Hanaa H. Abd El-Baky, Farouk K. El Baz and Gamal S. El-Baroty 2004-01-01 Dunaliella salina ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 1 3 108 2004 102 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4578 Datura fastuosa (D. fastuosa), a solanaceae recently introduced in Congo as ornamental plant, were studied in rat and mice by oral administration using classical methods. Results revealed that extracts of D. fastuosa were well tolerated by rats. No mortality was observed until 3200 mg kg^-1. The doses of 400 and 800 mg kg^-1 of leaves and seeds extracts increased motor activity, reduced slightly the duration of barbituric sleeping, antagonized catalepsy and ptosis induced by haloperidol and the immobility induced by forced swimming. D. fastuosa exhibited analgesic effect in acetic acid test with tolerance phenomenon in the leaves but not in the seeds extracts. Only the leaves extract reduced rectal temperature, apomorphin hypothermia and increased water drinking.Those results showed that, at the low doses, D. fastuosa has some antidepressant profile.]]> Ange Antoine Abena, Landry M.Miguel, Alain Mouanga, Jean M. Ouamba, Dorothe F. Sianard, Marie H. Thiebolt, Thophile C. Hondi-assah and Martin Diatewa 2004-07-01 Datura fastuosa ]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 3 113 2004 109 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4598 -1 FW for JHL cultivar and 5 mg g^-1 FW for BSTN cultivar) and sugars contents (22.5 and 22.7 mg g^-1 FW, respectively, for JHL and BSTN cultivars) in the embryogenic mass. In addition, as compared to 1.5 and 6%, the use of 3% sucrose enhanced phenolics contents (0.69 mg g^-1FW) and peroxidases activities (2.9.10³ n Kat g^-1FW) in BSTN cultivar. ]]> J. Zouine and I. El Hadrami 2004-07-01 Phoenix dactylifera L: Effect of Exogenous Supply of Sucrose on Proteins, Sugars, Phenolics and Peroxidases Activities During the Embryogenic Cell Suspension Culture]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 3 118 2004 114 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4599 Othman E. Othman 2004-07-01 Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 3 125 2004 119 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4600 Streptomyces sp. isolate No. 419 showed widest antibacterial activity. The active principle named as Broadspectrim. It showed antibacterial activity against wide range of G+ and G- bacteria as Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteum, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, Salmonella Para Typhi A, B, C, D, Salmonella typhi, Sarcinia sp., S. marcescens, Shigella dysentery, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera Eltor (INABA) and Xanthomonas sp. but Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus albus were resistant to it.]]> G.H. Shahidi Bonjar, M.H. Fooladi, M.J. Mahdavi and A. Shahghasi 2004-07-01 Streptomyces sp.]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 3 130 2004 126 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4601 Citrulus lanatus Thumb. Callus induction and plant regeneration at various frequencies were observed using different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. The highest percentage of callus induction was observed in MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L^-1 2, 4-D. After transfer of this callus on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L^-1 BA+0.2 mg L^-1 NAA induce adventitious shoots and developed into plant by further subculture in the same medium. NAA (0.1 mg L^-1) was found effective in the production of root. Plantlets were acclimatized and subsequently transferred to the field. Survival of the plantlets under ex vitro condition was 80%.]]> R.S. Sultana, M.A. Bari, M.H. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, N.A. Siddique and N. Khatun 2004-07-01 In vitro Rapid Regeneration of Plantlets from Leaf Explant of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.)]]> Asian Network for Scientific Information 2 3 135 2004 131 http://198.170.104.138/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=biotech&theme=3&issueno=105&articleno=4602 Medicago sativum L.) was studied and related to the response obtained by callus culture. The research was carried out in the tissue Culture Lab, Department of Aridland Agriculture, College of Food Systems, UAE University during seasons 2000/2001 including two Lab Experiments: 1) Callus Initiation and shoot formation and 2) Evaluation of in vitro callus and plantlets under salinity stress. Seeds of alfalfa were sown in pots, then leaves of the seedlings were separated to blades and petioles and placed in jars containing 50 ml of the modified MS medium. For callus induction and shoot formation, modified Murshig and Skoog and B5 were used in addition to two growth regulators being 2,4-D and BA In order to evaluate the salt response of the in vitro callus and plantlets, the induced calli and formed shoots in Experiment I were taken and placed on modified Murshig and Skoog mineral salts and B5. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) at four doses (0, 3000, 6000 and 9000 ppm) were used in jars. The results of this study indicates that the best concentration of 2.4-D and BA to obtain higher number and weight of callus and also higher values of shoot weights can be obtained from the concentration of 2 mg L^-1 in both cases. Increasing of NaCl salt concentration in the media causes significant reduction in the seedling weight but positively correlated with Na and negatively correlated with K concentration in the seedling tissues. NaCl salt concentration of 6000 ppm was high enough to induce harmful effect on the seedling fresh weight, whereas number of generated shoots formed roots was dramatically affected by increasing NaCl concentration up to 3000 ppm and there was no shoots formed roots establishe